Guide to Industrial Lighting Design

As any facility manager knows, industrial facilities pose very unique lighting challenges. From lumber and metal production to the aerospace industry, the term “industrial” encompasses many different businesses. Industrial buildings are often extremely large spaces with high ceilings and narrow aisles.

And, in addition to this, they also oftentimes have offices and outdoor spaces to light as well. Having the right lighting in these environments is of the utmost importance.

Not only does it allow employees to go about their daily tasks in an effective and efficient manner, but it’s also essential for maintaining a safe work environment.

That in itself is complicated enough. With so many needs to meet, it’s understandable that industrial lighting design is such a challenging endeavor.

But, that’s not the only thing required of industrial lighting. In many situations, the lighting also needs to be able to withstand harsh environmental conditions like high temperatures, high humidity, corrosive atmospheres, and dirty, dusty settings all while complying with applicable fire, safety, and material codes.

With so many requirements that need to be met, it only makes sense that taking on an industrial lighting project is a big and expensive task. For this reason, it’s a good idea to choose lighting that operates efficiently, lasts a long time, and is easily maintained. LED lighting checks all of these boxes, and more. But that’s just one aspect of choosing your facility’s lighting. So what about everything else? In the article that follows, we provide you with tips and tricks from the professionals in our Industrial Lighting Design Guide.

What Steps Can I Take to Promote Safety with Lighting?

We’ve already mentioned it several times, but just in case you missed it, your lighting should promote safety. In an industrial facility, you can expect to find workers in a variety of different, potentially dangerous situations.

From driving forklifts and operating heavy machinery to forging metals and performing precision tasks, there are many opportunities for hazards. Even the narrow aisles, often found in these facilities, can be dangerous.

These factors make it extremely important to take extra steps in order to ensure an even light distribution. And an even distribution doesn’t necessarily mean “the same”. In fact, your lighting should change from setting to setting.

By even, we mean no bright spots and no dimly lit corners. The best way to do this is with a free photometric lighting plan but we can provide some general examples of best practices.

LEDs vs The World

Installing LED lighting may seem like an unnecessary expense at first, but you’ll quickly come to realize that not only does it save you money in the long run, but there are also many benefits to using LED lighting over traditional bulbs.

If you want to read more specifically about how and why LEDs are the best choice, you can do so here, but we’ll provide a quick overview for you below as well.

LED lights use up to 75% less power than traditional bulbs, which means that the extra money you spend on the lights themselves and installation will quickly be made back in energy savings.

In some instances, this may be negligible, but in an industrial facility, where you likely have large-scale lighting setups, these savings are enormous.

In addition to saving energy, LEDs can also help you cut costs elsewhere. As far as traditional bulbs go, fluorescent lights have the longest shine time at about 10,000 hours. LEDs, on the other hand, have an average lifespan of about 50,000 hours.

This long lifespan coupled with a more durable bulb and fixture means that switching to LED lighting will also help you cut back on maintenance costs.

As we said, LED lighting is revolutionary, so these are just two of the many, many reasons why LED lights are superior. They also offer greater customization, emit little to no heat, and don’t require special disposal methods.

Interior Bay Lighting: High vs Low Ceiling Heights

Even though both high bay and low bay fixtures were designed to illuminate large areas, they are actually quite different lights. High bay lights are designed to provide a bright shine from a high vantage point.

These are most often found in factories and warehouses with high ceilings but can be used in other settings as well. These lights work best when installed at 30 feet or higher. You’ll find both round and linear high bays, each with its own special application.

High Bay lights are typically fixed to the ceiling, or suspended using hooks. This simple mounting allows easy installation and the ability to customize your layout.

It’s especially helpful to use LEDs for high bays due to ceiling height and mounting setups, they can be difficult to change. However, with the long lifespan and virtually maintenance-free shine of LEDs, you’ll have to worry about this a lot less often.

How Many Lumens Do I Need?

This is perhaps the most difficult question to answer. Different facilities require different light levels, as do different occupations and industries. There are even different recommendations for lumens levels depending on where you are in the building.

And, with LED lighting, it’s especially important to consider CRI when you discuss lumens. CRI, or Color Rendering Index, is a measure of the quality of light. So, if one light has fewer lumens than another, but a higher CRI, it might actually seem brighter than the light with more lumens. This can make determining an exact number of lumens, very tricky.

Below, you’ll find recommendations from the IESNA Lighting Handbook, but a photometric lighting plan is really the only way to find out exactly how many lumens your facility needs.

You can also find more IESNA recommendations here: Lighting Application Guidelines for LEDs

Manufacturing Plants

Finding the right lumen level for your manufacturing facility depends on what is being made inside the building. Here are standard recommendations for some common manufacturing operations:

• Leather Production: Cleaning, cutting, stuffing, and stretching (20 fc to 30 fc); Finishing (50 fc to 75 fc).
• Explosives Production: 20 fc to 30 fc for running generators, boiling tanks, and extractors.
• Paper Production: Beating and grinding (20 fc to 30 fc); finishing (50 fc to 75 fc); inspections (100 fc to 150 fc).
• Electrical Equipment Production: 50 fc to 75 fc for insulating and electromagnetic coil winding.
• Hat Production: Dyeing, cleaning, refining (50 fc to 75 fc); Forming, finishing, ironing (100 fc to 150 fc); sewing (200 fc to 300 fc)
• Glove Production: Knitting, sorting (100 fc to 200 fc); Pressing, sewing (200 fc to 300 fc)
• Jewelry and Watch Production: 200 fc to 300 fc

Some other tasks may require better visibility. If necessary, portable lighting systems can be set up to allow this work in certain locations.

Woodworking & Processing

Woodworking buildings have unique lighting needs as well. These lighting levels are measured at a height of 3.3 feet.

Task	Lighting Level (fc)
Bench/saw frame assembly	30
Turning, cutting, dressing	50
Polishing	100

Loading Docks and Welding Shops

Loading docks are an important area to light properly since workers need to be able to identify hazards and move goods safely in a high-traffic environment. Most loading docks require 10 fc of lighting, while areas with smaller items and labels can require up to 30 fc.

Welding areas are also important. This is a very detail-oriented trade, and safety is of the utmost concern.

Task	Lighting Level (fc)
Worker orientation	20 – 30
General welding	30
Precision arc welding	500 – 750